Genetic Recombination and Crossing Over

The Pain Scale By Eula Biss - 1348 Words

What is the point in measuring something that is unique to every individual? In â€Å"The Pain Scale,† the author, Eula Biss, attempts to convey her pain to the reader. She tells the reader how she has tried to describe and measure her pain. There is a system set up for doing so, but it leaves much up to individual interpretation. The arbitrary process by which we are supposed to evaluate the level of pain we are experiencing doesn’t seem to accomplish much. Throughout the essay, Biss uses unique ways of comparing the suggested levels of pain to other â€Å"scales.† This raises the question, why can the scale, itself, doesn’t do adequate job of helping people understand pain. The Beaufort scale was developed by in 1805 by Sir Francis†¦show more content†¦In the century spanning Defoe and Beaufort’s scales, many others adapted and added measures that helped establish Beaufort’s definitive measure of winds. Temperature scales are also used in an attempt to make the concept of measuring pain more relatable. Across the world, temperature is measured in degrees Celsius. At zero, water freezes and, at one hundred, water boils. Despite Celsius being the global standard, the Fahrenheit scale was developed decades earlier. Daniel Gabriel Fahrenheit based his temperature scale on two marks: on the lower end, the point where a mixture of salt and water would cease to exist as a liquid, and, on the upper end, a measure of normal body temperature. In an effort to add more confusion to the two standards, Lord Kelvin introduced the idea of an â€Å"absolute zero.† Absolute zero is the point where molecules and atoms are supposed to be essentially motionless. Despite this, research has showed that the motion doesn’t really stop. As Biss says, â€Å"†¦absolute is not absolute.† She finds that comforting, but not quite enough. Throughout Biss’ essay, she also attempts to equate the pain scale to something that seems much more insidious. To many, the thought of Dante Alighieri’s Divine Comedy brings about a reminder of the pain many suffered having to analyze the text in high school. Biss sees anShow MoreRelatedArts of the Contact Zone by Mary Louise Pratt999 Words   |  4 Pagesmain idea of an essay. â€Å"The Pain Scale†, written by Eula Biss, can be considered an example of an autoethnography that emerged out of a contact zone. In her essay, Biss discusses the pain scale used in hospitals today that rate pain on a level from zero to ten. Throughout her essay she argues that the pain scale is not a good method of measuring pain. Her rejection of the widely accepted system sets up a contact zone between two communities, those who accept the scale and those who don’t accept itRead MoreThe Experience of Pain1484 Words   |  6 PagesThere is a common tie that connects people around the world: the experience of pain. While many people experience pain differently, and experience pain relative to their own levels of tolerance, pain is a universal sensation, and, at times, a shared experience. While individual physical pain is isolated to one’s own body, empathy for the physical pain of others and the resulting emotional pain can be shared. Being empathetic and co nsiderate towards others not only brings people together, but alsoRead MoreThe Hippocratic Oath Of Hippocrates1774 Words   |  8 Pages which were symptoms and some elementary tests of patients such as blood testing. Nowadays, it is quite scary to imagine how doctors were managing to investigate conditions of their patients based on words and descriptions of something so vague as pain. Those detectives of human suffer were bounded by a common ideology and an oath. Although the Oath of Hippocrates has been criticized for some ideas such as its restriction of abortion, the medical society still considers the writing of a Greek thinker

Annual Vendor Management in Clinical Trials

Question: Describe about the Annual Vendor Management in Clinical Trials? Answer: Introduction: Clinical trial is a research which requires group of people to examine the safety, tolerance, dose and action of a drug. Clinical trial obeys a pre- planned protocol. Clinical trial is also known as clinical research. Their actions or tissues are needed for the study of clinical research. So, full method is very critical to handle. A set of people or a specific person is required in clinical research. The life process management of vendor for standard procedure is very important in clinical research organization. The vendors are chosen by the pharmaceutical company based on certain criteria. Those criteria can be the proposal of the vendor, evaluation of the proposals, searching a perfect vendor, creating a contract negotiation strategy and analyzing the business requirement. Clinical trial is demanded for the development of new drug in the market. The vendor selection for clinical research is very important. The clinical research takes 10- 20 years to yield a new drug (Diahome.org, 2015). The safety and efficacy of investigational drug is very important. The vendor plays a chief role in the clinical research management. The pharmaceutical company is conducting the whole clinical research plan. And they should select a proper vendor for a specific reason (Clinicaltrialsummit.com, 2015). The protocol, agenda, standard and quality of the vendor should be up to the mark so that the clinical research plan will be executed properly. The criteria of the clinical research should meet the agenda of the vendor. It is important to select a proper vendor for a clinical research to continue the process and the outsource materials. A supporting vendor is needed for the clinical trial. The supporting vendor is called third party vendor. The commitment responsibilities with the vendor should meet throughout the process. So the vendor selection is very important to keep the quality and standard of the outsourcing product (Xtalks.com, 2015). Many companies are using third party vendor for their safety. The services of the clinical research organization, health care technology firms, data management and medical education vendors are recruited by the companies (SOP 02: Evaluation and Selection of a Clinical Trial Proposal for CESAR, 2003). There are some factors to choose a vendor for a clinical trial. The factors that need to be considered for vendor selection are efficacy, security, compliance, contract fulfillment and quality of the vendor. To get a proper result in time a vendor has so many duties. The policies and contracts should meet the criteria which have made primarily (Peace and Chen, 2011). If a vendor is not efficient enough to meet all the criteria at that time, a third party vendor is needed. The vendor activity is regulated for getting more prominent product by the clinical trial. The judgment should evaluate the inclusive performance of a third party vendor by firmly investigating their attachment to constitutional responsibilities and the potential of their procedure and controls (Progress in clinical trial, 2004). The third party vendor assessments are review of contract terms against work performed, program management, testing of selected documentation, on site audits of vendors, investigator eligibility and payments, compliance with the policies, procedures and practices of the company, compliance with the regulatory guidelines, accuracy of billing and invoices. All the materials used in the clinical trial are supplied by the vendors. So it is very important to choose a proper vendor for outsourcing. The vendor should choose according to the business needs. A suitable vendor selection is very important for a clinical trial management to get a proper result. There are some benefits for outsourcing models. And the benefits are previous relationship, preselected plan, understands our needs and efficiency. There are also some risks for outsourcing models. The risks are stuck in a poor relationship, not getting the best technology or the newest, higher price due to the lack of competitive tender. First the resource requirements are determined. After that outsourcing requirements are determined. After determining the ongoing vendor research is started. The vendor is contracted initially. After the agreement the request for proposal documents are prepared. The request for proposal document is sent to vendors. The document is evaluated by vendors. The contract reward is made and monitoring the contract. Conclusion: The vendor selection for clinical research is very important. Clinical trial is increasing in difficulty. Vendor is agency or person that markets services or goods to other company or someone in economical manufacture chain. In clinical trial vendor acts an important role. The vendor is chosen by the pharmaceutical company based on some criteria. Vendor qualification, contracts and selection are major thing for a clinical trial. The agenda of the vendor is fulfilled by the company so that they can contract with the company. References: Clinicaltrialsummit.com, (2015).CHI's Fourth Annual Vendor Management in Clinical Trials Conference - part of Clinical Trial Oversight Summit. [online] Available at: https://www.clinicaltrialsummit.com/Vendor-Management-Clinical-Trials/ [Accessed 10 Mar. 2015]. Diahome.org, (2015).CRO - Clinical Vendor Oversight: Vendor Life Cycle Management for Quality and Performance. [online] Available at: https://www.diahome.org/en/Meetings-and-Training/Find-Meetings-and-Training/Meeting-Details.aspx?ProductID=2124278EventType=In-Company%20Training [Accessed 10 Mar. 2015]. Oversight Summit. [online] Available at: https://www.clinicaltrialsummit.com/Vendor-Management-Clinical-Trials/ [Accessed 10 Mar. 2015]. [Accessed 10 Mar. 2015]. Peace, K. and Chen, D. (2011).Clinical trial methodology. Boca Raton: Chapman and Hall/CRC Press. Progress in clinical trial. (2004).Clin Cardiol, 27(6), pp.364-368. SOP 02: Evaluation and Selection of a Clinical Trial Proposal for CESAR. (2003).Onkologie, 26(Suppl. 6), pp.5-10. Xtalks.com,. (2015).Managing Vendors: Tips and Tricks for Pharma-Biotech Companies-Get What You Need While Cutting Costs. Retrieved 11 March 2015, from https://xtalks.com/xto426swiftwater.ashx

Those Wrecked By Success Freud Essay Example For Students

Those Wrecked By Success Freud Essay The movie Friday was one of the best comedies I have ever seen. It had a great director, a talented cast, a good plot, a spectacular soundtrack, and is filled with funny gags and jokes. It was by far the most hilarious movie of the decade. I have never laughed so hard in all of my life. I loved this movie. The cast of the movie was sensational. Playing the main character was famous musician and actor, Ice Cube. He is such a serious person that at first I was skeptical of his performance in a comedy. He has played in such movies as Dangerous Ground, Higher Learning, and Boyz N Tha Hood. Playing opposite of him was Chris Tucker who is one of the most gifted performers that Ive have seen. He has stared in hits such as Rush Hour, The Fifth Element, and Money Talks. These two along with other big comics like Bernie Mac, John Whitherspoon, and Fazion Love bring big laughs to the big screen. Tiny Zeus Lester, Nia Long and Regina King do there part as well, to serve up laughs. It is so important to have a good cast that can play their parts well, and get along. If I watch a movie and it is evident that the actors are acting, then I lose interest very quickly. These actors and actresses did a very good job of making every character believable. We will write a custom essay on Those Wrecked By Success Freud specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Cast is important, but a good plot is crucial in the success of a film. So many movies have had great marketing and bombed because the plot was not good. I hate when I go to see a movie and the plot is not interesting. If I pay money for a movie, I want it to be worth it. In a comedy, I look for, a lot of, laughs. That is exactly what this movie gave me, it had it all. They had midgets, catching wives in bed with preachers and anything else you could look for to make you laugh. To fulfill this requirement on my movie list is very important. This movie did just that and exceeded the expectations I had for it. As with any successful movie you must have a good Quentin Terintino, Mel Brooks, or Stephen Spilburg working behind the scenes. This film had a gifted director by the name of F. Gary Gray. I personally think that he is one of the best directors ever. He has directed box office hits Set It Off and The Negotiator. The movie Set it Off grossed over 200 million dollars, and The Negotiator was not that far behind. He usually does the serious type movies, but he proves that he is versatile in this one. It also had a great soundtrack, which is very important to me. I have to like the music to a movie in order to like the movie. I mean, who wants to watch an action movie with country music playing during the fight scenes? I feel that a movie soundtrack should relay the plot of the movie. In this case there were great musicians to do that. There were such rb as Al Greene, Teddy Pendergrass, and Smokey Robinson. Add to that, great new artist like Monica, Ice Cube, Master P, and you have a multi platinum soundtrack. I really enjoyed the music, and it helped in the promotion of the film. I really dont think the movie would have been as successful as it was. While I really enjoyed this movie, it is not for all eyes to see. The target audience is primarily the younger African Americans, although I would suggest it to adolescence of all colors. Though the film is one of my favorites of all time, there were a few things about it, I found, that didnt sit to well with me. For instance, the continued use of extreme profanity was really distasteful, as well as, the use of alcohol and marijuana, by the character, Smokey. It was not so vulgar as some films, but still quite offensive to some extent. I think most college students would like this more because most college students like to party and would find these things offensive. I found the film extremely funny and in the great words of Siskel and Ebert I gave it two thumbs up!

The Brutal Facts That Universities Must Face Today Term Paper

The Brutal Facts That Universities Must Face Today Term Paper The Brutal Facts That Universities Must Face Today – Term Paper Example The Brutal Facts Universities Must Face Today Whatever it is that universities look like today is far much different from how they used to look like fifty years ago. Similarly, by 2030, the universities will look totally different again. But "how has our universities changed and what has made them change in that manner?" is the main question that should be unraveled. The current condition of our universities presents "brutal facts" that we have to deal with, however, unpleasant they may look. Such facts present university and higher education at large, in America, at crossroads (Ricardo 1).Some of the facts that we have to deal with in our universities are positive while others are negative. One such fact is on the university funding that has since been reduced. Public funding to support education has been greatly reduced leaving the students with huge tuition fees to pay to support their education. This is a fact that leaves the students with huge debts that they owe to the loans in stitutions that fund education through offering loans to students. This has not even taken into consideration other fees that each university charges to its students such as high parking fees at the Valparaiso University. The students have to part with $140 per semester just to secure parking in the school. As a result, university education remains very expensive in todays world, and we have to deal with it. Secondly, universities are also faced with the challenges brought about by the rapid demographic changes. Such have seen an increasing higher number of students seek university education. Universities have limited resources and spaces for students. However, they are required to admit quite a huge number of students. This increases the rate of international students seeking education in other countries with more universities with adequate resources. Such students may also face discrimination in some instance where the host country students, like here in Valparaiso, may not treat them in a friendly manner. The universities are for this reason expected to recognize such facts and deal with them at the management level.Thirdly, the current technological advancement has come to the rescue of our universities by spurring innovation as it makes university education more affordable and obtainable. However, this fact has also been faced with the challenges of the socio-economic inequalities where only wealthy and more sophisticated students can afford such kind of education in a more enriching manner. Technology also renders some teaching methods obsolete and makes the university adjust with the technological changes to remain effective and efficient. In a nutshell, current universities are faced with very brutal facts give the universities a hard time to deal with. Most of these facts tend to be because of the transitions that the universities have to pass through. If this trend continues, future universities will be faced with even more brutal facts, that what we face today, that they will be required to deal with.Work CitedRicardo, Azziz. "American Higher Education Crisis?- A Fact-filled and Thought-Provoking Must Read." The Blog (2015): 1. Web. .

Carl Jung Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Carl Jung - Essay Example When these processes are considered irrelevant, that is when mental sickness is believe to happen. Carl is the pioneer of modern psychology, along with Alfred Adler and Freud. He is a master of several disciplines from art to theology to modern physics. Jung’s work on Collective Unconsciousness forms the basis of word association tests as well as Meyers-Briggs personality tests. He was an inexhaustible writer; his famous works include The Psychology of the Unconscious (1912) and Psychological Types (1921). (NNDB, 2012) As Jung approached his adolescence, he focused his attention on zoology, religion, paleontology, medicine and psychology. On getting into the Basel University, in 1895, his primary focus became medicine. Throughout his university life, he also became thrilled by the growing science of psychiatry. He became an assistant physician at the Mental Hospital of Burgholzli in Zurich in 1990. He worked under the course of renowned Eugen Bleuler, whose leading work in the meadow of schizophrenia predicted that psychological imbalances arose not only from the occurrence of conflicting desires and beliefs inside the psyche, along with the physical weakening of the brain. Pierre Janet was a source of influence for Carl as he studied under Janet’s supervision in a seminar in Paris. The detailed report that Janet produced with the assistance from Carl gave the idea that distressing incidents produce influential emotionally charged beliefs which, even though pushed out of conscious evoke or totally forgotten, often persistent to apply a commanding pressure on the individual’s behaviors and emotions for quite a few years. (Cherry) Combining the work of Janet and Bleuler, Jung started to derive a novel theory of the unconscious mind processes that were the reason for establishing significantly parallel to that being concurrently equal to work of Sigmund Freud. Jung’s theories were exclusively his own and were a part of a novel psycholog y, in which this psyche was seen as a lively growth-oriented body balanced between two complementary and powerful drives: the uniformly significant drive towards making a harmonious, coherent incorporation of all the inside aspects of self (integration), and the desire to learn and implement new viewpoints (differentiation). The basic concept that became the basis of Jung’s later work and theory was the conversion of mandala-type view of body and soul. But, on a temporary basis the persona in the outside world is self predicted complicated, complex and opponent. (Boeree, 2006) Edifying on Janet and Blueler, and later comprise Freud, Jung had the premise that good expression and amalgamation of the complicated, co-dependent constituents within the bigger self was frequently short-circuited by familial or social conditioning and distressing events, suppressing the natural drives of an individual. The outcome was different degrees of mental illness in the outline of deep patholo gical psychosis or immobilizing neurosis. When Jung discovered the complicated cases as internal schism during his time at Burgholzli , he was better able to develop his theory in this time period. Subsequently, as a chief physician, he broadened his horizon and developed partnerships with word association researchers to better comprehend and revive the experience of

International Accounting Standards Board Deliberations Research Paper

International Accounting Standards Board Deliberations - Research Paper Example In terms of the history of accounting information, Macve theorized that the accounting of business transactions during the Greek and Roman period and contradictions to the conceptual framework of accounting were easy overshadowed (Macve 1994; 57). Accounting had grown in popularity during the medieval and modern times (Macve 1994). The compulsory implementation of the International Accounting standards –based conceptual framework of accounting enhances the preparation and communication of accounting reports. FASB and IASB published Conceptual frameworks as guides for the preparation of financial reports. The WorldCom, Enron, and other accounting scandals have precipitated to the U.S. Sarbanes Oxley Act. Presently, there is a move to harmonise the U.S. conceptual framework and the U.K. conceptual framework (King 2006). Interested parties contribute their inputs to increase the ease in formulating the conceptual framework of accounting. A conceptual framework serves as a guide in the preparation of accounting report. Likewise, Godfrey emphasized that one of the advantages of incorporating the conceptual framework of accounting is the successful transfer of information to the interested parties to improve the globalization of business organizations (Jayne Godfrey 2007). GAAP and the international accounting standards. The purpose of the synchronization is to have a single set of accounting standards. The single set of accounting standards would increase communication and feedback. The users of the financial statements should receive the information from the preparers in crystal –clear fashion. The best to ensure the vividness is to have only one conceptual framework of accounting. In November 2009, the U.S. Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) and the London –based International Accounting Standards Board or (IASB) confirmed their desire to rush the convergence. A third progress report was